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More recently the Japanese Kei cars of the 90's can still be obtained second hand, maybe not so easily in the US.
Some, with sports car pretensions, can actually provide a rewarding driving experience by virtue of being rear-wheel-drive, such as the Mazda AZ-1, Honda Beat or Suzuki Cappucino. 0-100 acceleration time in a single digit gives the driver something that the Smart car cannot - self-respect.
I know someone in my neighbourhood who commute in an Ariel Atom, at 500kg it's certainly about as fuel efficient as any road car. For slightly more environmental protection, get a Lotus Elise.