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I agree with the suggestions to take a look at Rebol. I began learning about computing in Basic on one of the earliest Radio Shack machines, and then the Commodore 64, IBM 8088, etc. I first looked at Rebol because it could be picked up so naturally by beginners - in my opinion and experience even more naturally than those old Basics, but it's much deeper and more practical/useful for real work. As expected, everyone here has suggested their favorite languages, but none are small or simple enough to solve the problem of immediate use. Rebol's trivially small to download (<600k on most operating systems) and can be used immediately, with or without installing. Rebol code can run unchanged on over 40 operating systems, and can be used to build applications with modern graphics, CGI interfaces, network functionality, database connectivity, etc... But it's still simple enough to be used immediately, in the same way as those old Basic interpreters. I've never seen another package that's so quickly usable in so many ways, especially by beginners. It's a shame so few people even know it exists. Take a look at:
http://musiclessonz.com/rebol_tutorial.html