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"The Looming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9/11" is a magnificient book, though I'm not sure Hugh and I read the same text. Brutilization and shame are key elements in the foundation of the ideology founded by Sayyid Qutb. There is a passage in the book that describes Qutb's time in prison in Cairo, Egypt, where torture was rampant; I'm paraphrasphing: It is often said that the roots of the ideology of al qaeda were born out of the prisons of Egypt.