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response to Jebbie,
You asked whether the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, or any of the Gulf war resolutions, could fulfill the constitutional requirement that Congress "declare" war.
I am not so sure that there is not a higher expectation about what constitutes a war declaration. I suspect the bill passed about war with Germany and Japan said something like, "this is a declaration of war with..." But, let's say that there is no set standard of what declarations of war include, doesn't this show that Congress, the President, and the Courts are negligent on this issue and that any challenge brought by the people about this fact should end with the government ceasing it's unauthorized if not illegal activities, i.e., the war, the draft, the expenditure of tax money, etc.
The arguments made, as I understood them, were that the Gulf of Tonkin resolution, was based on false information, and hence the actions based on it should have been reviewed and perhaps revoted.
I am curious to know why neither Johnson nor Nixon, nor Reagan, nor any Bush has asked not just for some "authorization for the use of force," but went for the "declaration of war" instead. I suspect the reason would be that there is a significant difference between the two and they felt they did not want to ask for a vote on such a declaration for those reasons.
No, I don't think half ass resolutions fulfill the constitutional requirements.
You also asked about who was going to challenge any of the claims made upon which the wars have been based. Who's going to challenge the Gulf of Tonkin resolution and the arguments behind it?
Well, we had two Senators who voted against that resolution. My understanding of Morse was that he was not convinced of the evidence and he needed a better argument to let the Government run roughshod over a small country.
Senator Morse believed Congress had the responsibility to figure these things out on its own so that it could make a reasoned and independent decision about questions of war, and so on. I believe the Congress has generally given up on that responsibility.