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Science provides us with hard verifiable evidence. Want evidence for evolution? Talk to someone who breeds cats and extrapolate.
Various forms of dating are used to tell how old a rock is - and that rocks are "rule-of-thumb" dated via fossil records is more due to the reliability of those fossils being in that particular era, than that if you took the alternate means of dating those rocks you would suddenly stand science on its head.
Science can provide hard, empirical evidence and/or the math to back itself up. If there is doubt over what era a rock comes from you can use other means of dating that rock to confirm or throw out your dating of that rock.
This is why multiple avenues of proof are encouraged before something makes it into being a theory.
Religion on the other hand relies on "God did it." And as God is "Beyond mortal understanding" we are left without any explanation and we are discouraged from finding any explanation by the concept of heresy - where disagreeing with doctrine is strongly discouraged.